- COA
- Certificate of analysis. A document reporting tests performed on a specific batch.
- HPLC
- High performance liquid chromatography, used to separate and quantify components of a sample.
- LC-MS
- Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, used to assess identity by measured mass.
- Lot
- An identified quantity of material to which records and analysis are attached.
- Lyophilisation
- Freeze-drying: removal of water by sublimation under reduced pressure.
- Monoisotopic mass
- Mass calculated using the most abundant isotope of each element.
- Peak area
- The integrated area of a chromatographic peak, used to express relative composition.
- Retention time
- The time at which a component leaves a chromatographic column under stated conditions.
- Reference standard
- A material used for comparison in analytical method work.
- Counter-ion
- An ion associated with a peptide salt form, such as acetate or trifluoroacetate.
- GPCR
- G-protein-coupled receptor. The largest surface-receptor family named in peptide literature.
- RTK
- Receptor tyrosine kinase. A surface receptor class that dimerises and autophosphorylates on ligand binding.
- AMPK
- AMP-activated protein kinase, described in the literature as a cellular energy sensor.
- PI3K/Akt
- An intracellular signalling axis frequently reported downstream of insulin and IGF receptors.
- MAPK
- Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, including ERK, JNK and p38.
- VEGF
- Vascular endothelial growth factor, a protein reported in angiogenesis research.
- MDP
- Mitochondrial-derived peptide. A peptide encoded by a short open reading frame in mitochondrial DNA, such as humanin or MOTS-c.
- Bioregulator
- Term used in the Russian-language literature for very short peptides described as interacting with gene-regulatory regions.
- Secretagogue
- A compound described as stimulating secretion; in peptide literature, usually agonists at the growth-hormone-secretagogue receptor.
- Melanocortin receptor
- A GPCR family (MC1R-MC5R) discussed in pigmentation and central-signalling research.
- Preclinical
- Research conducted in cell culture or animal models rather than in humans.
